Industrial Hydraulics Training

1. Hydraulic Basics

1.1. Fundamentals

1.1.1. Pressure and Pascal's law

1.1.2. Hydraulic leverage / mechanical leverage and simple hydraulic press

1.1.3. Hydraulic leverage and energy conservation

1.1.4. Simple hydraulic circuit

1.1.5. Concept of pressure

1.1.6. Relevance of flow in hydraulic circuit

1.2. Effect of Flow on System Pressure

1.2.1. Pressure buildup when flow is blocked

1.2.2. Loss of pressure due to flow (friction)

1.2.3. Fluid properties effecting friction

1.2.4. Laminar and turbulent flow

1.2.5. Flow through restriction

1.2.6. Flow through an orifice

1.2.7. Flow through resistances in series

1.2.8. Flow through resistances in parallel

1.2.9. Flow through varying cross-sections

1.3. Effect of Load on System Pressure

1.4. Factors effecting Pump Suction

1.5. Effect of Leak in Hydraulic Circuits

1.5.1. Circuit without leak

1.5.2. Circuit with leak

1.6. Reversing Actuator Direction

1.7. Flow Control Circuit

1.7.1. Meter-in

1.7.2. Meter-out

2. Hydraulic Components

2.1. Hydraulic Pump

2.1.1. Gear pumps

2.1.2. Lobe pumps

2.1.3. Vane pumps

2.1.4. Radial piston pumps

2.1.5. Axial - in-line - swash plate piston pumps

2.1.6. Axial - bent axis piston pumps

2.2. Hydraulic Actuator

2.2.1. Linear actuators (Cylinders)

2.2.1.1. Single-acting cylinders

2.2.1.1.1. Ram

2.2.1.1.2. Telescopic

2.2.1.2. Double-acting cylinders

2.2.1.2.1. Differential

2.2.1.2.2. Non-differential (double rod)

2.2.1.2.3. Telescopic

2.2.1.3. Cylinder � cushioning

2.2.1.4. Cylinder - stop tube

2.2.2. Rotary actuators (Rotary motor)

2.2.2.1. Gear motors

2.2.2.2. Vane motors

2.2.2.3. Axial - in-line - swash plate piston motors

2.2.2.4. Axial - bent axis piston motors

2.3. Direction Control Valves

2.3.1. Check valves

2.3.1.1. Simple (inline) check valve

2.3.1.2. Right angle check valve

2.3.1.3. Restriction check valves

2.3.1.4. Pilot operated check valves

2.3.2. Number of ways (ports)

2.3.2.1. Two-way valves

2.3.2.2. Three-way valves

2.3.2.3. Four-way valves

2.3.3. Number of positions

2.3.3.1. Two-position valve

2.3.3.2. Three-position valve

2.3.4. Methods of actuation

2.3.4.1. Manual actuation

2.3.4.2. Mechanical actuation

2.3.4.3. Electrical actuation

2.3.4.4. Pilot control - Hydraulic / Pneumatic actuation

2.3.5. Types of valve element

2.3.5.1. Poppet valves

2.3.5.2. Rotary valves

2.3.5.3. Spool valves

2.3.5.3.1. Spool center conditions (three-position valves)

2.3.5.3.2. Spring offset / Spring centered / No spring

2.3.5.3.3. Pilot operation

2.4. Servo Valves

2.4.1. Electrohydraulic servo valves

2.4.1.1. Single-stage valves

2.4.1.2. Two-stage pilot-operated valves

2.4.1.3. Jet pipe servo valves

2.4.1.4. Flapper jet servo valves

2.4.2. Mechanical servo valves

2.5. Flow Control Valves

2.5.1. By-pass type pressure compensation valve

2.5.2. Restrictor type pressure compensation valve

2.5.3. Pressure & Temperature compensation valve

2.6. Pressure Control Valves

2.6.1. Relief valves

2.6.1.1. Simple relief valves - poppet type

2.6.1.2. Simple relief valves - piston type

2.6.1.3. Compound relief valves

2.6.2. Sequence valves

2.6.3. Counterbalance valves

2.6.4. Unloading valves

2.6.5. Pressure-reducing valves

2.7. Miscellaneous

2.7.1. Hydraulic piping

2.7.1.1. Pipes

2.7.1.1.1. Pipe dimensions

2.7.1.1.2. Pipe threads

2.7.1.1.3. Pipe fittings

2.7.1.2. Tubes

2.7.1.2.1. Tube dimensions

2.7.1.2.2. Flared compression fittings

2.7.1.2.3. Flareless compression fittings

2.7.1.2.3.1. Ferrule compression fitting

2.7.1.2.3.2. Sleeve compression fitting

2.7.1.2.3.3. O-ring compression fitting

2.7.1.2.4. Straight thread O-ring connector

2.7.1.2.5. Flanged fittings

2.7.1.3. Flexible hose

2.7.2. Hydraulic sealing

2.7.2.1. Flange joint seals / gaskets

2.7.2.2. O-ring seals

2.7.2.3. Lathe-cut seals

2.7.2.4. T-ring seals

2.7.2.5. Lip seals

2.7.2.6. Cup seals

2.7.2.7. Piston rings

2.7.2.8. Compression packings

2.7.2.9. Face seals

2.7.3. Accumulators

2.7.3.1. Weight loaded accumulators

2.7.3.2. Spring loaded accumulators

2.7.3.3. Gas charged accumulators

2.7.4. Measuring instruments

2.7.4.1. Pressure gauges

2.7.4.1.1. Bourdon tube gauge

2.7.4.1.2. Schrader gauge

2.7.4.2. Flow meters

3. Building a Simple Hydraulic Circuit

3.1. Job to be done

3.2. Simple circuit

3.3. Introduce pressure gauge

3.4. Introduce relief valve

3.5. Introduce direction control valve

3.6. Simple circuit with more than one job to be done

3.6.1. Pressure gauge / Relief valve / Direction control valve /
          Counter balance valve / Non return valve / On-off valve /
          Sequence valve / Back pressure valve / Reducing valve /
          Flow control valve

4. GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS

4.1. Lines / Fluid storage / Methods of operation / Fixed displacement pumps /
        Variable displacement pumps / Pressure control valves / Flow control
        valves / Directional control valves / Proportional valves / Servo valves /
        Check valves / Deceleration valves / Hydraulic motors / Cylinders /
        Miscellaneous

5. Conventional and Interactive Skill Tests with Evaluation

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