Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - Risk Management

Introduction
Worked Example
Terminology 
Risk  
Likelihood  
   Frequency Rate 
   Predicted Frequency Rate 
   Probability
   Failure / Fault  
Top-Down Development
1. Define the Top Event 
2. Determine the Consequence of the Hazard
3. Create the Fault Tree
   Events 
     Intermediate Events 
     Base Events 
   Gates
     OR Gate 
     AND Gate
     Voting Gate 
     Labeling
     Example Tree
4. Identify the Cut Sets
   1. Eliminate Repeat Sets 
   2. Eliminate Repeat Events in a Set
   3. Eliminate Redundant Events
5. Quantify 
   Mathematics of an OR Gate
   Mathematics of an AND Gate 
   Mathematics of a Voting Gate 
   Cut Set Quantification 
6. Risk Rank
   The Pareto Principle 
   Data Quality 
   Event Contribution 
   Important Few
   Unimportant Many 
   Power of the AND Gate
   Importance Equalization
Common Cause Effects
   Utilities
   Human Error
   Corrosion
Reducing Risk 
   Path of Greatest Resistance
   Cost-Benefit Analysis
Generic Trees 
   Generic Safety Tree
     Top Event 
     Initiating Event
     Failure of the Safeguard(s) 
     Persons Present 
   Generic Reliability Tree 
     Generic Failures
     External Events 
     Equipment by Area or Function 
Software  
Discussion of the Method 
Qualitative Analysis 
References

Figure 1   Sketch of Example
Figure 2   Top Event
Figure 3   OR Gate
Figure 4   Example of the Use of an OR Gate
Figure 5   AND Gate
Figure 6   Fire Triangle  
Figure 7   Safety Fault Tree
Figure 8   Voting Gate
Figure 9   First Level OR Gate
Figure 10  Use of the AND Gate 
Figure 11  Final Fault Tree (Page 1)
Figure 12  Final Fault Tree (Page 2)
Figure 13  2oo3 Voting Gate Breakdown
Figure 14  Risk Ranking
Figure 15  Spare Pump System 
Figure 16  Spare Pump System with Common Cause Effect
Figure 17  Generic Safety Tree
Figure 18  Generic Safety Tree Development
Figure 19  Generic Reliability Tree